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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flunþrijǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flunþrijǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_platessa" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>platessa</orth>
          <def>flatfish, plaice</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_flunthrijo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flunþrijǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flunþrijǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlun.θri.jɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᚢᚾᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>flounder, flatfish</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *flunþrą (‘something flat’). Compare cognate Late Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_platessa"><ref target="#cog_lat_platessa">platessa</ref></mentioned> (‘flatfish, plaice’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>flunþrijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>flunþrijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>flunþrijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>flunþrijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>flunþrijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>flunþrijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>flunþrijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>flunþrijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>flunþrijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>flunþrijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>flunþrijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>flunþrijōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flunþrijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*fluntheria, *flunthera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>flundere, vlunder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Flunder, Flunner, Flinder, Flinger, Flonder</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>flunder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flunþrijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*fluntheria, *flunthera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>flundere, vlunder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Flunder, Flünder</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                          <orth>Flunder</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Czech</lang>
                          <orth>flundra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>flądra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swabian</lang>
                          <orth>Flander</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>flundra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>flyndre</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>flundre, flyndre</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>flundra, flynder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>flynder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>flondre, flundre, floundre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norman</lang>
                      <orth>fliandre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>flondre, flundre, floundre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flowndre, flowndur, flondyre, flounder, ffloundre, floundre, flundre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>flounder</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>flunner, flunder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flundra</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>flundra</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flundra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>flundra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>flyndre</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>flundre, flyndre</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flundra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>flundra, flynder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>flynder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flundra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>flondre, flundre, floundre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norman</lang>
                      <orth>fliandre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flundra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>flondre, flundre, floundre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flowndre, flowndur, flondyre, flounder, ffloundre, floundre, flundre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>flounder</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>flunner, flunder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flundra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flundra</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>flundra</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flyndra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>flundra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flyðra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>flyndre</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>flundre, flyndre</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flyndra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>flundra, flynder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>flynder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flyndra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>flondre, flundre, floundre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norman</lang>
                      <orth>fliandre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flyndra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>flondre, flundre, floundre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flowndre, flowndur, flondyre, flounder, ffloundre, floundre, flundre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>flounder</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>flunner, flunder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*flyndra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flundra</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>flundra</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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