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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flōaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flōaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_plew" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*plew-</orth>
          <def>to fly, flow, run</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_floana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flōaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᛟᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7e</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to flow</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from a pre-form *plōw-, the lengthened o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_plew"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_plew">*plew-</ref></mentioned> (‘to flow, swim’) or perhaps *pleh₃(w)-. Alternatively, from *pleh₃-,</seg>
            <seg type="p">Kroonen explains the alternation between -w- (in Anglo-Saxon) and -j- (in Low German) as a result of hiatus after the regular loss of *u after *ō.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flōō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flōaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>flōai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flōizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flōaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flōazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>flōaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flōidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flōai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flōadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flōadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>flōaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>flōōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>flōaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flōadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flōaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>flōadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flōamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flōaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>flōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flōid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flōaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flōid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>flōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flōandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flōain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flōandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>flōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feflō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>feflōį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feflōt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>feflōīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feflō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>feflōī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>feflōū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>feflōīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>feflōudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>feflōīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feflōum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>feflōīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feflōud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>feflōīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feflōun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>feflōīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>flōandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>flōanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>flōaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fluoien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vloeyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vlöjje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fluoien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vloeyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vloeien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vloei</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>flōwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flowen, floȝen, flouen, flowe, flue, flwy, flowenn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>flow</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>flow, flou</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*flōja</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>flouje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>floeie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*flōian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vlôien, vlôigen, vlôgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>floien, flojen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flóa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flóa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>flo</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>floa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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