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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *flōduz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_flōduz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ploh3tus" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*plóh₃tus</orth>
          <def>overflow, deluge</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_floduz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōduz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>flōduz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸlɔː.ðuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛚᛟᛞᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>river</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>flood</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ploh3tus"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ploh3tus">*plóh₃tus</ref></mentioned> (‘overflow, deluge’), from the root *pleh₃(w)- (‘to flow, run’). Synchronically analyzed as a tu-stem nominal formation from *flōaną (‘to flow’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>flōduz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>flōdiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>flōdų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>flōdunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>flōdauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>flōdiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>flōdiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>flōdumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>flōdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>flōdumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>flōdu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>flōdiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*flōtus</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fluod</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vloet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vlood</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fluod</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vloet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vloed</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vloed</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>flutu</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Javindo</lang>
                          <orth>floed</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>flōd, ᚠᛚᚩᛞᚢ (flódu)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Anglo-Latin</lang>
                      <orth>flōdus</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>flōd, ᚠᛚᚩᛞᚢ (flódu)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>flod, flood, floode, flode, flowt, fflood, fflode, vlode</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>flood</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fluid, flude</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>flōd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>floth</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Floud</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>floed</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fluot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vluot</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>fluut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Flut</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*flōdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>flōd, fluod</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vlōt, vloet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Flood</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>flóð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flóð, flæður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>flod</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>floth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>flod</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flóð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flōþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>flod</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flœðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>flóð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>flóð, flæður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>flod</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flœðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>floth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>flod</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>flœðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>flōþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>flod</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (flōdus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*loodëh</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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