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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fnesaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fnesaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_pnew" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pnew-</orth>
          <def>to breathe, pant, gasp; snort, sneeze</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fnesana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fnesaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fnesaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸne.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚾᛖᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 5</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to breathe heavily, pant, gasp</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to sneeze, snort</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pnew"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pnew">*pnew-</ref></mentioned> (‘to breathe, pant, gasp; snort, sneeze’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fnesō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fnesaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fnesai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnisizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnesaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnes</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnesazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnesaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnisidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnesai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnesadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnesadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnesaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fnesōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fnesaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fnesadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fnesaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fnesadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fnesamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fnesaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fnesandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fnesaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnisid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnesaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnisid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnesandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnesaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnesandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnesain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnesandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnesandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnesaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fnas</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fnēzį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fnēzīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnas</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fnēzī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fnēzū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fnēzīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fnēzudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fnēzīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fnēzum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fnēzīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnēzud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fnēzīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnēzun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fnēzīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fnesandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fnezanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fnesaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fnesan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fnesan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fnesen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sneeze</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sneeze</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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