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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fraberaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fraberaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fraberana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraberaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fraberaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɸrɑ.ˈβe.rɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᛒᛖᚱᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to hold back or keep away (from); restrain or refrain (oneself) from</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to bear throughout; endure</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *fra- (‘off, away (from), completely’) + *beraną (‘to bear, carry’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fraberō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fraberaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fraberai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frabirizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraberaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraber</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraberazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraberaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frabiridi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraberai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraberadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraberadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraberaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fraberōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fraberaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fraberadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fraberaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fraberadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraberamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraberaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraberandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraberaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frabirid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraberaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frabirid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraberandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraberaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraberandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraberain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraberandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraberandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraberaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frabar</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frabērį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frabart</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frabērīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frabar</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frabērī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>frabērū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>frabērīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>frabērudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>frabērīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frabērum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frabērīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frabērud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frabērīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frabērun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frabērīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fraberandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fraburanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fraberaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fraberan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*farberan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>verboornisse, verbeurnisse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fraberan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>forberan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>forberen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>forbear</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>forbere, forbeir</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fraberan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>forbera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>forbernisse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fraberan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*farberan, *firberan, ferberan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>verbërn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>vorbèeran</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fraberan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*farberan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vorbörnisse, vörbȫrnisse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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