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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fram</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fram_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_promos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πρόμος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>prómos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>foremost one, champion, leader, prince</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_pro" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pro-</orth>
          <def>before, in front of</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_pirmas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>pi̇̀rmas</orth>
          <def>first</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fram_2" type="preposition" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fram</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸrɑm</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᛗ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>preposition</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>from</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>by, due to</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pro"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pro">*pro-</ref></mentioned> (‘forth, forward’). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (‘forward, prominent’) whence Old Norse framr (‘forward; superior’), Old English fram (‘strenuous, active, bold, strong’), German fromm (‘good, upright, devout, pious’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_promos"><ref target="#cog_grc_promos">πρόμος</ref></mentioned> (prómos, ‘foremost one, champion, leader, prince’), Umbrian promom (‘at first, initially’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_pirmas"><ref target="#cog_lit_pirmas">pi̇̀rmas</ref></mentioned> (‘first’).</seg>
          </etym>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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