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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *framaþiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_framaþiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_framathiz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaþiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>framaþiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸrɑ.mɑ.θiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᛗᚨᚦᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>foreign, alien, strange</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From an unattested-in-descendants *framaþaz, related to *framaz (‘forward, prominent’), *fram (‘forward’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijas, framaþīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijas, framaþīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>framaþijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>framaþijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>framaþijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>framaþijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fremithi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vremt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vraemp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fremithi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vremt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vreemd, vreemt, vreempt</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vreemd</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>vreemd</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fremde, fremede, fremeþe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fremde, fremede, fremed, fremmed, frempt, fremmid, fremmede, freomede, ffremyd, fremd</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fremd</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fremmit, fremd, frempt, frem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>framede, framde, fromede, fromde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>froamd</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>frjemd, freamd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fremidi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vremede, vremde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>fremb</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>brömade</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>fremd</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>friem</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>fremd</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿרעמד (fremd)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fremithi, fremidi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>frömd</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>framd</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fremithi, fremidi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>framandi</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Faroese</lang>
                          <orth>fremmandur</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                          <orth>främmande, främmandi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>framandi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle English</lang>
                          <orth>fromond</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norn</lang>
                          <orth>fremd</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>framand, framund</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>främmad, främmande</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*framiþī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fremithi, fremidi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>framandi</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>fremmed</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                            <orth>fremmed</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (framaþeis)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
