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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *framjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_framjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_framea" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>framea</orth>
          <def>spear</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_framjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>framjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸrɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to promote, to further</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *framaz + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *pró-mo-s, from *pró (‘toward, leading to’). Compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_framea"><ref target="#cog_lat_framea">framea</ref></mentioned> (‘spear’) probably from *framjō (literally “forward going one”).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>framjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>framjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>framjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>framisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>framjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frami</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>framjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>framjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>framjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>framjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>framjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>framjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>framjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>framjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>framjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>framjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>framjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>framidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>framidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>framidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>framidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>framidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>framidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>framidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>framidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>framidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>framidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>framidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>framidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>framidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>framjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>framidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>framjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>frema, fremma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fremmen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fremmian</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>fremmen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vrēmen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fremman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fremmen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>frame</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fremman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fremmen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>frame</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>frame</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>framen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fremja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fremja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fremja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fremja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fremja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fræmdær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Danish</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>fremme</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>fremme</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                            <orth>fremma</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fremja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fræmia, fræmmia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>främja</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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