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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fratrudaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fratrudaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fratrudana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fratrudaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fratrudaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɸrɑ.ˈtru.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᛏᚱᚢᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to trample</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *fra- + *trudaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrudaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fratrudōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fratrudaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fratrudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fratrudaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fratrudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fratrad</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fratrēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fratrēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrad</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fratrēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fratrēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fratrēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fratrēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fratrēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fratrēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fratrēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fratrēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fratrēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fratrudandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fratrudanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fratrudaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fratredan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fartredan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vertreden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vertreden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fratredan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fortredan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fortreden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fortread</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fratredan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*fortreda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fertrêdzje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fratredan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>firtrëtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vertrëten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>vertreten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fratredan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*fartredan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vörtreden, vortreden</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fratrudan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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