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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *frawītaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_frawītaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_frawitana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frawītaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>frawītaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɸrɑ.ˈwiː.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᚹᛁᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to punish, scold</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to blame</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *fra- + *wītaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frawītō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frawītaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frawītai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawītizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawītaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawīt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawītazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawītaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawītidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawītai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawītadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawītadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawītaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>frawītōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>frawītaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>frawītadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>frawītaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>frawītadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frawītamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frawītaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frawītandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frawītaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawītid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawītaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawītid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawītandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawītaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawītandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawītain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawītandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawītandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawītaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frawait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frawitį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawaist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frawitīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frawitī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>frawitū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>frawitīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>frawitudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>frawitīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frawitum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frawitīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawitud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frawitīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawitun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frawitīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>frawītandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>frawitanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>frawītaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frawītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>farwītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>verwiten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>verwijten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frawītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>forwīta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ferwiete</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frawītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>firwīzan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>verwīzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>verweisen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frawītan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*farwītan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vorwîten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>verwieten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraweitan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
