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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fraþjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fraþjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_pret" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pret-</orth>
          <def>to understand</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_prasti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>pràsti</orth>
          <def>to become accustomed to</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_frathjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraþjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fraþjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸrɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚨᚦᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to understand</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *prot-, o-grade of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pret"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pret">*pret-</ref></mentioned> (‘to understand’). Compare, in particular, Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_prasti"><ref target="#cog_lit_prasti">pràsti</ref></mentioned> (‘to become accustomed to’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraþisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraþiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fraþjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fraþjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fraþjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fraþjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fraþjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fraþjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraþiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraþiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fraþjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>frōdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frōst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>frōdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>frōdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>frōdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>frōdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>frōdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>frōdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frōdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>frōdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frōdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>frōdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frōdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>frōdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fraþjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fradanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fraþjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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