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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *frijaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_frijaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_prihos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*priHós</orth>
          <def>beloved</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_frijaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>frijaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸri.jɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᛁᛃᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>free</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_prihos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_prihos">*priHós</ref></mentioned> (‘beloved’). The original meaning was probably something like “from one's own clan”, from which a meaning “being a free man, not a serf” developed.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>friją, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>friją, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijas, frīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijas, frīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>frijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>frijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>frijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>frīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>frīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>frīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>frīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>frīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>frīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>frijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>frijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>frijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>frī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vri</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vrij</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vry</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Aukan</lang>
                          <orth>felei</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Caribbean Javanese</lang>
                          <orth>frèi, prèi, pré</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Indonesian</lang>
                          <orth>prei</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Javanese</lang>
                          <orth>ꦥꦿꦺꦲꦶ (prèi)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>vri, vrie, fri</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Peranakan Indonesian</lang>
                          <orth>vry</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sundanese</lang>
                          <orth>peré</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>frēo, frīo, freoh, frioh, friġ, frī, frȳ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fre, vri, vry</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fre</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>frēo, frīo, freoh, frioh, friġ, frī, frȳ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fre, vri, vry</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>free</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Fiji Hindi</lang>
                          <orth>firii</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>frī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fräi</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>frij</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrī</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>frei</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>fräi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>frȧj</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿרײַ (fray)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>frī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vri, vrîg</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>fri</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Estonian</lang>
                        <orth>prii</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>fríur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Latvian</lang>
                        <orth>brīvs</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Livonian</lang>
                        <orth>brī</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>fri, free, frigg</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>fri</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>fri</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (freis)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
