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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *friskaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_friskaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_bsl-x-proto_pre_skas" xml:lang="bsl-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*prēˀskas</orth>
          <def>unleavened, unfermented, unsalted</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_preyskos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*preyskos</orth>
          <def>fresh, unsalted</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_friskaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/friskaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>friskaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸris.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᛁᛊᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fresh</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>not salty, unsalted</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_preyskos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_preyskos">*preyskos</ref></mentioned> (‘fresh, unsalted’), and cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="bsl-x-proto" target="#cog_bsl-x-proto_pre_skas"><ref target="#cog_bsl-x-proto_pre_skas">*prēˀskas</ref></mentioned> (‘unleavened, unfermented, unsalted’) (though there are phonetic difficulties).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>friską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>friską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>friskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>friskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>friskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>friskammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>friskōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>friskammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>versch, varsch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>vèrsj</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>versch, varsch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vers</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>vars</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fersċ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fersh, fresch, fresk, freche, versh</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fresh</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>fresch, frech, freish</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Welsh</lang>
                        <orth>ffres</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fersk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fersck</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>frisk</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>farsk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>frësch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>fryś</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>פֿריש (frish)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>frisch</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hungarian</lang>
                          <orth>friss</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vrisch, frisch, frisc</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Walloon</lang>
                          <orth>frisse</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vrisch, frisch, frisc</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>fris</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                            <orth>fris</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                            <orth>fris</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vrisch, frisch, frisc</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle French</lang>
                          <orth>frisque, fricque, frique, friche</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>French</lang>
                            <orth>frisque</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>frisc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vrisch, frisch, frisc</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle French</lang>
                          <orth>frisque, fricque, frique, friche</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Middle English</lang>
                            <orth>frisk</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>English</lang>
                              <orth>frisk</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*frisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*frisk, *fersk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vrisch, versch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>frisk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Estonian</lang>
                        <orth>priske</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>frískur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>frískur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>frisch, fersch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>frisk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>frisk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polabian</lang>
                        <orth>frišă</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>frisk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ferskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>feskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ferskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>fersk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fersk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>färsk</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ferskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>færsk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>fersk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                  <orth>*friscum</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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</TEI>
