<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fristiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fristiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fristiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fristiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fristiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸris.tiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᛁᛊᛏᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>an appointed time; date</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From an earlier *fres (‘forward’) + *-þiz, the former abstracted from a Proto-Indo-European *pres-sto-, composed of *per- (‘forward, forth, over, beyond’) + *steh₂- (‘to stand’). Closely related to *frestą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>fristiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>fristīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>fristį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>fristinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>fristīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>fristijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>fristī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>fristimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>fristī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>fristimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>fristi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>fristīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>frist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>first, furst, feorst, forst, ferst, frest, vrist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>frist, first</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>frist, frest, first, fyrst</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>first</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>first, furst, feorst, forst, ferst, frest, vrist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>frist, first</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>frist, frest, first, fyrst</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>fierst</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>first, furst, feorst, forst, ferst, frest, vrist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>frist, first</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>frist, frest, first, fyrst</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>fyrst</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>first, furst, feorst, forst, ferst, frest, vrist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>frist, first</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>frist, frest, first, fyrst</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*frist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>frist, ferst, verst, vorst, vrüst</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>frist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>verste, verst, varste, vierste, vorste, vōorste, vurste, vuerste</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>frist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>vrist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Frist</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*frestr</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*fresta</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
