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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *frumô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_frumô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_pr" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pr-</orth>
          <def>before, formerly; through, throughout</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_frumo" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>frumô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸru.mɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚱᚢᛗᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">an/īn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>first</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *fr- (‘for, forward’) + *-umô (‘superlative’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pr"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pr">*pr-</ref></mentioned> (‘before, formerly; through, throughout’) (see *per-) + Pre-Germanic *-m̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc">
              <orth>frumô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem">
              <orth>frumį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut">
              <orth>frumô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc">
              <orth>frumaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem">
              <orth>frumīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut">
              <orth>frumōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc">
              <orth>frumanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem">
              <orth>frumīnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut">
              <orth>frumô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc">
              <orth>frumanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem">
              <orth>frumīnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut">
              <orth>frumōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc">
              <orth>fruminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem">
              <orth>frumīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut">
              <orth>fruminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc">
              <orth>frumanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem">
              <orth>frumīnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut">
              <orth>frumanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc">
              <orth>frumini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem">
              <orth>frumīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut">
              <orth>frumini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc">
              <orth>frumammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem">
              <orth>frumīmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut">
              <orth>frumammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc">
              <orth>fruminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem">
              <orth>frumīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut">
              <orth>fruminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc">
              <orth>frumammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem">
              <orth>frumīmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut">
              <orth>frumammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Adjectival forms:</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>forma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>forme ⇒ Middle English: former (comparative)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>former</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>formar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>formo</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>frum-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>frum-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>frum-</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Noun forms:</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fruma (“beginning; prince; originator”)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>frume, frome (“origin, source”)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>froma (“use, benefit”)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>fruma (“use, benefit”)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vrōme (“use, benefit”) ⇒ Middle Low German: vrōme (“righteous”)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>from (“pious”)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>fromber (“pious”)</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Swedish</lang>
                            <orth>from (“pious”)</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Danish</lang>
                              <orth>from (“pious”)</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fruma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vrome (“use, benefit”) ⇒ Middle Dutch: vrome (“firm, upright”, adjective)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vroom (“pious”)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>Proto-West Germanic</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fruma (“use, benefit”)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vrome, vrume ⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Fromme</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>frum, frummer</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>fromm; Yiddish: פֿרום (frum)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>frum, frummer</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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