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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *furhtaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_furhtaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_prk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pr̥k-</orth>
          <def>fear</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_furhtaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furhtaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>furhtaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸurx.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚢᚱᚺᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fearful, afraid</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A zero-grade derivation in *-to- from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_prk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_prk">*pr̥k-</ref></mentioned> (‘fear’). Compare Tocharian B pärsk-.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>furhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>furhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>furhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>furhtammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>furhtōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>furhtammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>forht, froht</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>forht</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*forht, *foraht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>gotforht, gotforaht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (faurhts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
