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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *furistaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_furistaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_preh2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*preh₂-</orth>
          <def>before, in front</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_furistaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furistaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>furistaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸu.ris.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚢᚱᛁᛊᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>first, foremost</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Superlative of *furai, *furi (‘before’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_preh2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_preh2">*preh₂-</ref></mentioned> (‘idem’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>furistaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>furistaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>furistaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>furistammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>furistōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>furistammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*furist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>furisto</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*furist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*furista, *fursta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vorste</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vorst</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*furist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fyrest</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>first, furst, ferst, fyrst</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>first</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>first</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*furist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*forsta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>foarst</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*furist</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>furisto</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vürste</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Fürst</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>viischt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fyrstr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fyrstur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fyrstur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fyrst</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>fyrst</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fyrstr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fyrst</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>først</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>først</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fyrstr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fyrster</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>först</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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