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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *furþą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_furþą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_par" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>πάρ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pár</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_pr" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>प्र्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>pr</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_furtha" type="adverb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furþą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>furþą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸur.θɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᚢᚱᚦᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adverb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>forward</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>onward, forth</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *pŕ̥-to(m), perhaps with accent retraction from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-tó-m or *pr̥-t-ó, derived from *per- (‘to cross; across, before, in front’). Compare Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_par"><ref target="#cog_grc_par">πάρ</ref></mentioned> (pár), Latin por-, Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_pr"><ref target="#cog_san_pr">प्र्</ref></mentioned> (pr).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>forth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vort, voort</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>voort</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vôrt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>forþ, forð</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>forth, vorð, furth, feorð, forh, fort, ford</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>forth</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>furth</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>forth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fout</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>fuort</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>forth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vort</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>vort</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>fort</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*forþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>forth, forð</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>fort, vort</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>fort</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>foort</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>fort</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>fort</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>forð</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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