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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fērijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fērijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ferijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fērijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fērijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɛː.ri.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛖᚱᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to terrify, to frighten</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to slight</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *fērō (‘danger’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fērijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fērijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fērijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fērīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fērijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fērī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fērijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fērijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fērīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fērijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fērijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fērijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fērijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fērijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fērijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fērijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fērijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fērijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fērijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fērijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fērijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fērijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fērīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fērijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fērīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fērijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fērijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fērijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fērijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fērijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fērijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fērijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fēridǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fēridēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fēridēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fēridēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fēridē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fēridēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fēridēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fēridēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fēridēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fēridēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fēridēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fēridēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fēridēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fēridēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fēridēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fēridēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fērijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fēridaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fērijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fārijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fored, forod, *fārōn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fārijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fāren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vâren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>vervâren</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>vervaren</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fārijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fǣran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>feren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fear</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>færa</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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