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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fīsaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fīsaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_peys_e_o" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*péys-e/o-</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_spiro" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>spīrō</orth>
          <def>to breathe, draw breath, respire</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fisana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fīsaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fīsaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸiː.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛁᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to blow</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to fart</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_peys_e_o"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_peys_e_o">*péys-e/o-</ref></mentioned> from root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*(s)peys-</mentioned>(‘to breathe, blow’) <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013">Kroonen 2013</bibl>. Likely of onomatopoeic origin. Possible cognate are Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_spiro"><ref target="#cog_lat_spiro">spīrō</ref></mentioned> (‘to breathe, draw breath, respire’) and Russian пища́ть (piščátʹ, ‘to peep, squeak’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fīsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fīsaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fīsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fīsizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fīsaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fīsazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fīsaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fīsidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fīsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fīsadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fīsadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fīsaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fīsōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>fīsaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fīsadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fīsaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>fīsadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fīsamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fīsaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fīsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fīsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fīsid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fīsaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fīsid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fīsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fīsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fīsandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fīsain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fīsandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fīsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fīsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>fisį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>faist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>fisīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>fisī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>fisū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>fisīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>fisudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>fisīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fisum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>fisīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fisud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>fisīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fisun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>fisīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>fīsandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>fisanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>fīsaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fīsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*fīsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vīsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>físa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>fise</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>físa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>físa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>fise</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fise, fisa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>físa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fīsa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>fisa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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