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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *fōdrą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_fōdrą_1</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_peh2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*peh₂-</orth>
          <def>protect, guard, graze, feed</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_pabulum" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>pābulum</orth>
          <def>food, fodder</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_fodra_1" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōdrą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>fōdrą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɸɔːð.rɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚠᛟᛞᚱᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fodder</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_peh2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_peh2">*peh₂-</ref></mentioned> (‘to protect, guard; to graze, feed’) + *-dʰrom or *-tróm, the suffix equivalent to *-drą; or directly from the root of *fōdijaną (‘to feed’) and *fōdô (‘food’) (including the *d), from an extended form *peh₂-dʰ(h₁)- or *peh₂-t- of the same PIE root, + *-r-om. Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_pabulum"><ref target="#cog_lat_pabulum">pābulum</ref></mentioned> (‘food, fodder’) and possibly pānis (‘bread, food’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>fōdrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>fōdrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>fōdrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>fōdrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>fōdras, fōdris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>fōdrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>fōdrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>fōdramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>fōdrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>fōdramiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>fōdrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>fōdrō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>fuerre</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fuodar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                      <orth>voder, voor</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*fuodar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>voeder, voer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>voer</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fōdor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fodder, foddre, fodre, foder, fodyr, foddur, voddur</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>fodder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>fōdor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>fodder, foddre, fodre, foder, fodyr, foddur, voddur</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>foder, fodder, fother, fothir</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>fother</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>fōder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Fođer, fooder</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Fodder</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>foer</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>fuotar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>vuoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>fuutar</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Futter</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Fudder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*fōdr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*fōdar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>vōder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fóðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>foder</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>fóður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>fóður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>fôr</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>fôr, foder</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fóðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>fother, foður, fothir, fothyr, futher, fodyr, fooder, foþer, foþere, foðer, voðer, ffoder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>fother</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>fother</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>fóðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>fōþer, ᚠᚮᚦᚽᚱ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>foder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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