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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *galaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_galaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghel" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʰel-</orth>
          <def>to shout, cry</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_galana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>galaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᛚᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 6</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to shout, yell</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to charm, sing</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghel"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghel">*gʰel-</ref></mentioned> (‘to shout, cry’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>galō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>galaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>galai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>galizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>galaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gal</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>galazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>galaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>galidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>galai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>galadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>galadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>galaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>galōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>galaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>galadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>galaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>galadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>galamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>galaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>galandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>galaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>galid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>galaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>galid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>galandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>galaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>galandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>galain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>galandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>galandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>galaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gōl</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gōlį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gōlt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gōlīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gōl</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gōlī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gōlū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gōlīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gōludiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gōlīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gōlum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gōlīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gōlud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gōlīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gōlun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gōlīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>galandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>galanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>galaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>galan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*galan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gālen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>galan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>galen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>gale</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>gale</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>galan, kalan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>begalen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>galan, kalan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>golen, goln</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>golen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>galan, kalan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>galt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>galt</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                          <orth>galt</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>gelt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*galan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>galan, kalan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>galt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>galt</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                          <orth>galte</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                            <orth>Galti</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gala</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gale</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gala</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gala</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>gale</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>gala, gale</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gala</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gala, gall</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>gala, gall, gallra</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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