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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gamalaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gamalaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gamalaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamalaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gamalaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑ.mɑ.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᛗᚨᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>old, weak</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain with multiple theories:</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>gamalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>gamalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>gamalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamaliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamaliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>gamalammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>gamalōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>gamalammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>gamol</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>gomel</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>gomol</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*gamel</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>gammel</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*gamal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>*gammel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gammel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*gamal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>*gammel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gammlig</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gammelig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*gamal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gamel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gamel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>gamal</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gamall</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>gåmål</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gamal</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>gammel, gamal</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gamall</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>gammel</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>gammalle, gåmål, gåmæⁱll, gabmal, gamadle</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gamall</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gammel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>gammel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gamall</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>gamal, gammal, gamall</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>gammal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gamall</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gamal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>gammal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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