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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ganganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ganganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghengh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰengʰ-</orth>
          <def>to walk, step</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_zengti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>žeñgti</orth>
          <def>to step</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_jamgahe" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>जंगहे</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>jaṃgahe</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gangana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ganganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᚾᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7c</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to go, walk, step</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghengh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghengh">*ǵʰengʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to walk, step’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_zengti"><ref target="#cog_lit_zengti">žeñgti</ref></mentioned> (‘to step’), as well as perhaps Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_jamgahe"><ref target="#cog_san_jamgahe">जंगहे</ref></mentioned> (jaṃgahe).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gangaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gangai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gangizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gangaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gang</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gangazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gangaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gangidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gangai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gangadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gangadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gangaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gangōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gangaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gangadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gangaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gangadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gangamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gangaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gangandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gangaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gangid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gangaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gangid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gangandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gangaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gangandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gangain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gangandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gangandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gangaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gegang</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gegangį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>geganht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gegangīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gegang</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gegangī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gegangū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gegangīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gegangudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gegangīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gegangum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gegangīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gegangud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gegangīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gegangun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gegangīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>gangandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ganganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>ganganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gangan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*gangan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gangen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gangan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gangan, gongan, gancgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>gangen, gongen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>gang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>gang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gangan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>ganga, gunga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gunge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gangan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>gangan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>gangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>jeng, jejange, jank</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>ging, gegangen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swabian</lang>
                        <orth>ganga</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gangan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>gangan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gangen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ganga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Dalian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ganga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ganga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ganga, gånga, gå</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>ganga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ganga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gange</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>gange</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ganga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ganga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>gånga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gaggan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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