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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ganōgaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ganōgaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eh2noke" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eh₂nóḱe</orth>
          <def>he has reached, attained</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_anasa" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अनाश</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>anā́śa</orth>
          </form>
          <def>indestructible, immortal</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ganogaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganōgaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ganōgaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ɣɑ.ˈnɔː.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᚾᛟᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>enough, sufficient</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *ga- + *nōgaz, the latter a lengthened-grade adjective formed from *nuganą (whence *ganuganą (‘to suffice’)), although *nōgaz has no attested descendants. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eh2noke"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eh2noke">*h₂eh₂nóḱe</ref></mentioned> (‘he has reached, attained’), perfective of *h₂neḱ- (‘to reach’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_anasa"><ref target="#cog_san_anasa">अनाश</ref></mentioned> (anā́śa).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgas, ganōgis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgas, ganōgis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>ganōgaimiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ginuog, genuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>genuch, ghenoech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>genog</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ginuog, genuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>genuch, ghenoech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>genoeg</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>genoeg</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>gunuku</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>xjenux</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ginuog, genuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>genuch, ghenoech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>genoeg</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>genoeg, genug, gnug</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Virgin Islands Creole</lang>
                            <orth>genn</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġenōg, ġenōh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ynogh, inoh, inow, ynough</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>enough, enow, enoo</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>eneuch, eneugh, aneuch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>eenew</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>enōch, anōg, nōch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>nouch, genouch</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>genôch</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ginuog, ganōc, genūch, genūg, genuog, ginuach, ginuag, ginuoc, ginuoch, gnueg, gnūg, gnuoc, gnuog, kanoac, kanōg, kinōc, kinuoc, kinuog, kenuoc, kenuog, knueg, knuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>genuoc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>gnueg</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>ghenùg</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>genug</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>גענוג (genug)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ginuog, ganōc, genūch, genūg, genuog, ginuach, ginuag, ginuoc, ginuoch, gnueg, gnūg, gnuoc, gnuog, kanoac, kanōg, kinōc, kinuoc, kinuog, kenuoc, kenuog, knueg, knuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>genuoc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>jeno(o)ch, genooch(t), genuuch(t), genuch</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>genuch</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ginuog, ganōc, genūch, genūg, genuog, ginuach, ginuag, ginuoc, ginuoch, gnueg, gnūg, gnuoc, gnuog, kanoac, kanōg, kinōc, kinuoc, kinuog, kenuoc, kenuog, knueg, knuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>genuoc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                          <orth>genunk</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ganōg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>ginōg, ginōh, ginuog</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>genôch, genûch, ennôch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>nok</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>genaug, enaug, naug, noog</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>nok</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scanian</lang>
                        <orth>nock</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>nock</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gnógr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>naug</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nógvur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gnógur, nógur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>nog, naug</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gnógr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nōgh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>nog</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nógr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>naug</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nógvur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gnógur, nógur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>nog, naug</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nógr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nōgh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>nog</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌷𐍃 (ganōhs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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