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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *garną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_garną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_khorde" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>χορδή</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>khordḗ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>string</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gherh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰerH-</orth>
          <def>gut, intestine</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_hernia" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>hernia</orth>
          <def>rupture</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_hira" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>hīra</orth>
          <def>empty gut</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_hira" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>हिर</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>híra</orth>
          </form>
          <def>band, strip</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_garna" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>garną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑr.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᚱᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>yarn</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *garnō (‘gut, intestine’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gherh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gherh">*ǵʰerH-</ref></mentioned> (‘gut, intestine’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_hernia"><ref target="#cog_lat_hernia">hernia</ref></mentioned> (‘rupture’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_hira"><ref target="#cog_lat_hira">hīra</ref></mentioned> (‘empty gut’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_khorde"><ref target="#cog_grc_khorde">χορδή</ref></mentioned> (khordḗ, ‘string’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_hira"><ref target="#cog_san_hira">हिर</ref></mentioned> (híra, ‘band, strip’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>garną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>garnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>garną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>garnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>garnas, garnis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>garnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>garnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>garnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>garnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>garnamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>garną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>garnō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*garn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gāren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>garen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġearn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>garn, garne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>garn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġearn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>yarn, ȝarn, ȝern, ȝerne, jarne, yarne, yeern</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>yarn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>yairn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*jern, *jirn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Jäiden, Jidden</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>jern</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>garn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>garn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>gaarn, ghèrn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Garn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Gar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>garn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>garn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Gaarn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>garn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>garn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>garn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?, garn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>garn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>garn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>garn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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