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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *garwaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_garwaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_garwaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garwaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>garwaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑr.wɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᚱᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>ready, prepared</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably from *ga- + *arwaz (‘ready, fast’). Although a deverbal derivation would be more natural, such as from a lost strong verb *garwaną, where the verb would be from *ga- + older *arwaną, the suffix *-waz is likely adjectival in function, reflecting Proto-Indo-European *-wós.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>garwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>garwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>garwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>garwammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>garwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>garwammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>garo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gāer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gaar</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>gaar</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġearu, ġearo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ȝare, yare</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>yare, yar</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>yare</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*gar, *jer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>goar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>garo, karo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>gare, gar</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gar</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>guer</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*garu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>garo, garu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gāre, gār</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>gaar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gǫrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gjör, ger</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gør, gior</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>gar, gare, gair</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gerr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gjör, ger</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gør, gior</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>gar, gare, gair</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*kārvēs</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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