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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gasakaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gasakaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gasakana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gasakaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gasakaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ɣɑ.ˈsɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᛊᚨᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 6</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to argue, dispute</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to reprove, correct</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to scold, chide</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *ga- + *sakaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gasakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gasakaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gasakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasakizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasakaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasak</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasakazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasakaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasakidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasakadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasakadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasakaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gasakōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gasakaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gasakadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gasakaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gasakadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gasakamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gasakaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gasakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gasakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasakid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasakaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasakid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasakandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasakain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasakandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gasōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gasōkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasōht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gasōkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gasōkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gasōkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gasōkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gasōkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gasōkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gasōkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gasōkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasōkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gasōkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasōkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gasōkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>gasakandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>gasakanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>gasakaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gasakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġesacan</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>gisahhan, gisachan, ᚷᚨᛊᛟᚲᚢᚾ (gasokun)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gasakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*gisakan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gisacio</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (gasakan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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