<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gatą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gatą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghed" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰed-</orth>
          <def>to defecate</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_hadati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>हदति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>hádati</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gata" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gatą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gatą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑ.tɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᛏᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hole, opening, passage</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Kroonen derives the word from Pre-Germanic *gʰodom, itself from *getaną (‘to find a way; to get’), and rejects connections to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghed"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghed">*ǵʰed-</ref></mentioned> (‘to defecate’) (whence Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_hadati"><ref target="#cog_san_hadati">हदति</ref></mentioned> (hádati)).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>gatą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>gatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>gatą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>gatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>gatas, gatis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>gatǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>gatai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>gatamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>gatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>gatamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>gatą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>gatō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gat</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*gat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gat</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>gat</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gat</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gat, gæt, ġeat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ȝeat, ȝat, ȝate, ȝet, gat, gate</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ȝet, ȝett, yet, yett</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gat</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gat, gæt, ġeat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ȝeat, ȝat, ȝate, ȝet, gat, gate</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>gate, yate</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>gate</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Fiji Hindi</lang>
                          <orth>geet</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Gate</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Irish</lang>
                          <orth>geata</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scottish Gaelic</lang>
                          <orth>geata</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gat</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>gat, jet</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Gat</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gat</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gat</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>gat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>gat</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Gatt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>gat, Gatt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>gatt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gat</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gat</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
