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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gaumijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gaumijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gaumijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaumijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gaumijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɑu̯.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᚢᛗᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to heed, notice, observe, keep</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *gaumaz (‘heed’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gaumijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gaumijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gaumijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gaumijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gaumijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gaumidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gaumidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaumidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaumidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gaumidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gaumidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gaumidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gaumidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gaumidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gaumidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gaumidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gaumidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>gaumijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>gaumidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>gaumijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gaumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*gōmen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gômen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gomen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gaumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġīeman, ġīman, ġȳman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ȝemen, yemen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>yeme</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gaumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>goumen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>goumen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>gaume</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gaumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>gōmian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gômen, gȫmen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>geyma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>goyma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>geyma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>gjømme</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>gøyma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>geyma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gø̄mæ, gēmæ, gǣmæ, gømmæ, gimmæ, giø̄ma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>gemme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>gjemme</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>geyma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gø̄ma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>gömma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaumjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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