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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gawerpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gawerpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gawerpana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawerpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gawerpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɣɑ.ˈwer.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚨᚹᛖᚱᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to throw</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to cast</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *ga- + *werpaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawirpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawerp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawirpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawerpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gawerpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gawerpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gawerpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gawerpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gawerpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawirpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawirpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawerpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gawarp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gawurpį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawarft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gawurpīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawarp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gawurpī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gawurpū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gawurpīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gawurpudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gawurpīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gawurpum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gawurpīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawurpud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gawurpīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawurpun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gawurpīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>gawerpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>gawurpanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>gawerpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gawerpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġeweorpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>iwerpen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gawerpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>giwerfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>gewërfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gewerfen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (gawairpan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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