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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gerugaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gerugaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gher_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰer-</orth>
          <def>to desire, like</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gerugaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gerugaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gerugaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣe.ru.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᛖᚱᚢᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>covetous</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>greedy</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *geruz (‘desire, greed’) + *-gaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gher_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gher_x2">*ǵʰer-</ref></mentioned> (‘to desire, like’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>geruganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>geruganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugas, gerugis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugas, gerugis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>geruganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>geruganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>gerugaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>gerugaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>gerugaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>gerugô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>geruganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>geruganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>geruganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>geruginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>geruginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>geruganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>geruganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>gerugini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>gerugammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>geruginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>geruginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>gerugammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>gerugōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>gerugammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*girīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gireg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gireg, girech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gierig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>gierig</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*girīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>girich, jirich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gierig</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gierich</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gjirrich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*girīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>girīg, gerag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>giric, girich, girech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gierig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*girīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>gerag, *girīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gērich, gīrich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>gierig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gerag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gireg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gireg, girech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gierig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>gierig</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gerag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>girich, jirich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gierig</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gierich</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gjirrich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gerag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>girīg, gerag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>giric, girich, girech</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gierig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gerag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>gerag, *girīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gērich, gīrich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>gierig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*gerugr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>girugher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>girig</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*girugr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>girugher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>girig</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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