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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *geusaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_geusaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghew" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰew-</orth>
          <def>to pour</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_geusana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/geusaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>geusaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣeu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᛖᚢᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to erupt</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly representing a sigmatic aorist or s-extension to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghew"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghew">*ǵʰew-</ref></mentioned> (‘to pour’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>geusō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>geusaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>geusai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>giusizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>geusaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>geus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>geusazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>geusaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>giusidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>geusai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>geusadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>geusadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>geusaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>geusōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>geusaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>geusadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>geusaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>geusadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>geusamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>geusaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>geusandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>geusaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>giusid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>geusaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>giusid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>geusandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>geusaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>geusandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>geusain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>geusandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>geusandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>geusaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gaus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gusį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gaust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gusīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gaus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gusī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gusū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gusīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gusudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gusīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gusum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gusīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gusud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gusīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gusun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gusīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>geusandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>gusanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>geusaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*geusan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gūsen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>gusen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>guizen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>verguizen</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                            <orth>verguis</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gjósa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gyse</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gjósa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>gjausa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gjósa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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