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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ginn(ij)az</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ginn_ij_az</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ginn_ij_az" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ginn(ij)az">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ginn(ij)az</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣin.ni.jɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᛁᚾ(ᛁᛃ)ᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>wide, vast, spacious</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *ginnaną (‘to begin, cut open’) or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, from *ǵʰeh₂- (‘to yawn, gape’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnaz, ginnijaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnō, ginnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginną, ginniją, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnai, ginnijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnôz, ginnijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnō, ginnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnanǭ, ginnijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnǭ, ginnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginną, ginniją, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnanz, ginnijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnōz, ginnijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnō, ginnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnas, ginnijas, -is, -īs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnaizōz, ginnijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnas, ginnijas, -is, -īs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnaizǫ̂, ginnijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnaizǫ̂, ginnijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnaizǫ̂, ginnijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnammai, ginnijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnaizōi, ginnijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnammai, ginnijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnaimaz, ginnijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnaimaz, ginnijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnaimaz, ginnijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnanō, ginnijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnaizō, ginnijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnanō, ginnijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>ginnaimiz, ginnijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>ginnaimiz, ginnijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>ginnaimiz, ginnijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnô, ginnijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnǭ, ginnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnô, ginnijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnaniz, ginnijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōniz, ginnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnōnō, ginnijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnanų, ginnijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōnų, ginnijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnô, ginnijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnanunz, ginnijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōnunz, ginnijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnōnō, ginnijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginniniz, ginnīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōniz, ginnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginniniz, ginnīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnanǫ̂, ginnijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōnǫ̂, ginnijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnanǫ̂, ginnijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnini, ginnīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōni, ginnijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnini, ginnīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnammaz, ginnijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōmaz, ginnijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnammaz, ginnijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginninē, ginnīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōnē, ginnijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginninē, ginnīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>ginnammiz, ginnijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>ginnōmiz, ginnijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>ginnammiz, ginnijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ginn(ī)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġinn, ġinne, ġin</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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