<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *glawwaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_glawwaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghlewh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʰlewH-</orth>
          <def>clear, sharp</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_glunet" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>glũnêt</orth>
          <def>to lour</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_gluair" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>gluair</orth>
          <def>clear, clean</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_glawwaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glawwaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>glawwaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣlɑw.wɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᛚᚨᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>wise; prudent</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>wary; circumspect</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>perceptive</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>clever; smart</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="5">
            <def>accurate; precise</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghlewh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghlewh">*gʰlewH-</ref></mentioned> (‘clear, sharp’); cognate with Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_gluair"><ref target="#cog_sga_gluair">gluair</ref></mentioned> (‘clear, clean’) and perhaps *glūnēn- (‘to peer’), whence dialectal Swedish gluna (‘to stare, peer’) and Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_glunet"><ref target="#cog_lav_glunet">glũnêt</ref></mentioned> (‘to lour’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>glawwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>glawwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>glawwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>glawwammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>glawwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>glawwammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*glauw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>glau</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*glauw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>glao, *glō</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*glouw, *glô</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>glouw, glooi</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*glauw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>glēaw</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>gleaw, glæu, gleu, glew</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*glauw</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>glou, glau, klau</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*glou, glouheit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>glau</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>glǫggr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gløggur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>glöggur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>gløgg</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>gløgg</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>glǫggr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>gleg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>gleg</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gløggr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gløggur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>glöggur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>gløgg</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>gløgg</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gløggr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>gleg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>gleg</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*glaggws)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*glaggus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
