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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gramitjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gramitjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gramitjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramitjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gramitjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣrɑ.mit.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᚨᛗᛁᛏᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to grunt</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to rage, roar</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *gramaz (‘angry’) + *-itjaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramitisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramiti</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramitiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramitjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gramitjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gramitjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gramitjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gramitjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gramitjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramitiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramitiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramitjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gramistǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gramistēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramistēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gramistēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramistē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gramistēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gramistēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gramistēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gramistēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gramistēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gramistēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gramistēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramistēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gramistēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramistēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gramistēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>gramitjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>gramitidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>gramitjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>ġremettan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>grenten, grinten</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>ġrymettan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>grenten, grinten</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*gremizzen</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>gremzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>gremsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>gremizzōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>gremzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>gremsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>grymte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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