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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *granō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_granō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_grano" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/granō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>granō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣrɑ.nɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᚨᚾᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>awn</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>hair resembling an awn, a bunch or bundle of wispy hair</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>bristles, beard hair, whiskers</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>moustache</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *gʰroH-néh₂-, with shortening due to Dybo's law, likely related to Proto-Slavic *grana (Serbo-Croatian grana (‘branch’)). Possibly also related to Middle Irish grend (‘beard, bristles’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>granō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>granôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>granǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>granōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>granōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>granǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>granōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>granōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>granō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>granōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>granō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>granôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*granu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>granu</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>grano</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*granu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*grana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Late Latin</lang>
                      <orth>grāna</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Occitan</lang>
                        <orth>grenó, guernó, grignó</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*granu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*grana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Late Latin</lang>
                      <orth>grāna</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>graine</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle French</lang>
                          <orth>grenon, guernon, gernon, grignon</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*granu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*grana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>grāne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>graan</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*granu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>grana, crana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>grane, gran</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Granne</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*granu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>grana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grāne, gran</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Granne, Grann</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grǫn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>grån</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gron, grann</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>grön</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>gran, gron, grøn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grǫn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>gran</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grǫn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>greni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>greni</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>grene</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grǫn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gran, græn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>gran</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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