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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *greutaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_greutaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_grusti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>grūsti</orth>
          <def>to crush, tamp</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_greutana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/greutaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>greutaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᛖᚢᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to grind, crush</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (‘to rub, grind, remove’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_grusti"><ref target="#cog_lit_grusti">grūsti</ref></mentioned> (‘to crush, tamp’), Russian гру́да (grúda, ‘pile, heap’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>greutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>greutaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>greutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>griutizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>greutaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>greut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>greutazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>greutaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>griutidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>greutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>greutadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>greutadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>greutaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>greutōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>greutaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>greutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>greutaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>greutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>greutamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>greutaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>greutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>greutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>griutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>greutaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>griutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>greutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>greutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>greutandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>greutain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>greutandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>greutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>greutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>graut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grutį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>graust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grutīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>graut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grutī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>grutū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>grutīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>grutudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>grutīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grutum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grutīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grutud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grutīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grutun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grutīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>greutandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>grutanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>greutaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*greutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*grioȥan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>grieȥen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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