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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *grēwaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_grēwaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghreh1_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰreh₁-</orth>
          <def>to glow, be visible</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_zereti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>žėrė́ti</orth>
          <def>to shine, sparkle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_z_reti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*zьrěti</orth>
          <def>to observe, look at</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_grewaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grēwaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>grēwaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣrɛː.wɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᛖᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>grey</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghreh1_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghreh1_x2">*ǵʰreh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to glow, be visible’), and cognate with Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_z_reti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_z_reti">*zьrěti</ref></mentioned> (‘to observe, look at’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_zereti"><ref target="#cog_lit_zereti">žėrė́ti</ref></mentioned> (‘to shine, sparkle’), and Proto-Germanic *greujaną (‘to dawn’) (whence Swedish gry (‘to dawn’)).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>grēwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>grēwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>grēwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>grēwammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>grēwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>grēwammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>grāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>grau</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>grauw, graauw, graeuw</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>grou</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>xrāuje, grô</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>grou</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>grǣġ, grēi, grēġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>grey</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>gray, grey</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>gray</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>gry</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>grē</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>grāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>grā</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>graaw</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>grau</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>grau</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>גראָ (gro), גרוי (groy)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>grāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grāu</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>grauw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>grāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grāu</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>grag, grau</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grár</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gráur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>graar, grar, gra, graur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>grár</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>grå, grågi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>grå, grår, grår’e, grå’u</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grár</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>grå</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>grå</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grár</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>grār</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>grå</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*krāvēs</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*raavas</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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