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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *grīmô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_grīmô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghrey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʰrēy-</orth>
          <def>to smear, paint, to streak</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_grimo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīmô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>grīmô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣriː.mɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᛁᛗᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>mask</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>visor; helmet</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghrey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghrey">*gʰrēy-</ref></mentioned> (‘to paint, streak, smear’), from *gʰer- (‘to rub, stroke’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>grīmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>grīmaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>grīmanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>grīmanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>grīminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>grīmanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>grīmini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>grīmammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>grīminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>grīmammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>grīmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>grīmaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>grīmo, grīm</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*grīmo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>grîme, gryme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>grijm</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>grimsel, grijmsel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>grīma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>grim, grime</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>grime</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>grime</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>grime</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>grimouart</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>grime</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>grimace, grimuche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                        <orth>grimutio</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Spanish</lang>
                        <orth>grimazo</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>grime</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>grimace, grimuche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>grimace</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>grimace</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Danish</lang>
                            <orth>grimasse</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Dutch</lang>
                            <orth>grimas</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>English</lang>
                            <orth>grimace</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Estonian</lang>
                            <orth>grimass</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Romanian</lang>
                            <orth>grimasă</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Serbo-Croatian</lang>
                            <orth>grimasa</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Swedish</lang>
                            <orth>grimas</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>grime</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>grimace, grimuche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>grimace</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>grimace</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>German</lang>
                            <orth>Grimasse</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Russian</lang>
                              <orth>гримаса (grimasa)</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>grīme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Grīme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīmō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>grīmo, grīma, grīm</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grîmet, grēme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Greemtiek, Gremeree</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gríma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>grime</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>gríma, grímutur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gríma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>grime, grimet</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>grima, grimek, grimet</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gríma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>grima</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>grimma, grima</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 (*greima)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Galician</lang>
                    <orth>grima, grimo</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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