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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *grīnaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_grīnaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_grian" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>grían</orth>
          <def>sun</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_grinana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīnaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>grīnaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣriː.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to snarl, show teeth, grin</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to flash, give light</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (‘to flash’), with a nasal suffix; potential cognates include Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_grian"><ref target="#cog_sga_grian">grían</ref></mentioned> (‘sun’). Alternatively, of ideophonic origin.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grīnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grīnaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grīnizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grīnaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grīnazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grīnaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grīnidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grīnadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grīnadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grīnaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>grīnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>grīnaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>grīnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>grīnaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>grīnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grīnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grīnaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grīnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grīnaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grīnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grīnandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grīnain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grīnandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grinį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>graint</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grinīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grinī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>grinū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>grinīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>grinudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>grinīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grinum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grinīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grinud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grinīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grinun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grinīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>grīnandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>grinanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>grīnaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>grinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>grijnen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>griene</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>grīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>grīnen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>griine</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>greinen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>gréngen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grînen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>grienen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*grīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grînen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>grienen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>grienen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grína</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>graina</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>grína</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>grína</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>grina</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grína</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>grine</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>grine</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grína</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>*grīna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>grina</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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