<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *grōniz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_grōniz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghreh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʰreh₁-</orth>
          <def>to grow, become green</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_groniz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōniz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>grōniz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣrɔː.niz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᛟᚾᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>green</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *groh₁-ni-s, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghreh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghreh1">*gʰreh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to grow, become green’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijas, grōnīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijas, grōnīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>grōnijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>grōnijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>grōnijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>grōnijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gruoni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>groene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>greun, gruuen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>groene</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gruoni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>groene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>groen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>groen</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>grun</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>groen, grun</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Skepi Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>gruin</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gruoni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>groene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>groen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>grun</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Aukan</lang>
                            <orth>guun</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                            <orth>guúun</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>grēne, grœ̄ne</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>grene, greene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>green</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>green</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>green</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>grēne</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gräin</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>grien</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>gruoni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>grüene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>grüen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>grian, gri͡an, grean, grien, grea</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>jrön, green, grien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>grün</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>grie, grien, griene</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>גרין (grin)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>grōni</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grōne, gröne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>grön, gröön, green</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>jreen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polabian</lang>
                        <orth>grönĕ</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grǿnn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>grøn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>gryön</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>grønur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>gröinar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>grænn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>grøn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>grønn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>grøn, grøn’u, grøn’e</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grǿnn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>grø̄n</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>grön</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grœnn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>grøn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>gryön</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>grønur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>gröinar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>grænn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>grøn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>grønn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>grøn, grøn’u, grøn’e</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>grœnn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>grø̄n</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>grön</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*(k)ruonë</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Eastern Samic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Inari Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruonâs</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Kildin Sami</lang>
                      <orth>руэнн (ruenn)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Skolt Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruânn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ter Sami</lang>
                      <orth>rïenn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*(k)ruonë</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Western Samic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Lule Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruodnat, ruoddnis, ruonas</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Northern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruonas</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Pite Sami</lang>
                      <orth>gruodna</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Southern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>kroenes</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ume Sami</lang>
                      <orth>kruadná, kruanná, kruanas</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*(k)ruonës</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Eastern Samic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Inari Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruonâs</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Kildin Sami</lang>
                      <orth>руэнн (ruenn)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Skolt Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruânn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ter Sami</lang>
                      <orth>rïenn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*(k)ruonës</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Western Samic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Lule Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruodnat, ruoddnis, ruonas</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Northern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>ruonas</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Pite Sami</lang>
                      <orth>gruodna</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Southern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>kroenes</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ume Sami</lang>
                      <orth>kruadná, kruanná, kruanas</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
