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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *grōnāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_grōnāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gronana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōnāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>grōnāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣrɔː.nɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚱᛟᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to become green, flourish</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *grōniz (‘green’) + *-āną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grōnaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grōnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grōnāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grōnaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grōnāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grōnāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>grōnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>grōnāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>grōnāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grōnāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grōnānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grōnaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grōnaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grōnānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grōnānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grōnānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grōnānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grōnadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>grōnadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grōnadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>grōnadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grōnadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>grōnadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>grōnadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>grōnadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>grōnadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>grōnadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grōnadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>grōnadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grōnadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>grōnadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grōnadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>grōnadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>grōnāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>grōnadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>grōnāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>gruonon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>groenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>groenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>grēnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>grenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>green</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*grēnia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gräinje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>grienje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>gruonēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>gruonen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>grünen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*grōnēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*grōnōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>grônen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gróna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>gróna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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