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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gunþiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gunþiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gwhentis" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʷʰéntis</orth>
          <def>act of killing, blow</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gunthiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gunþiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gunþiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣun.θiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᚢᚾᚦᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>battle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From post-Proto-Indo-European / pre-Proto-Germanic *gʷʰn̥tis → *gʷʰuntis → *gʰuntis (with the u causing delabialization of the labial, and hence Germanic *g- rather than *b- as in the other descendants of *gʷʰen- and of *gʷʰ- more generally), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gwhentis"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gwhentis">*gʷʰéntis</ref></mentioned> (‘act of killing, blow’), from *gʷʰen- (‘to strike, kill’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>gunþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>gunþīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>gunþį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>gunþinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>gunþīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>gunþijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>gunþī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>gunþimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>gunþī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>gunþimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>gunþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>gunþīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gunþi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gūþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>gūth</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>guðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>guður, gunnur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?, gunn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>guðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Guðr, Gunnr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>Gunn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>Gunnur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>Gunn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>Gunnor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>Gun</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>guðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Guðr, Gunnr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>Gunn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>Gunn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>Gunn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gunnr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>guður, gunnur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?, gunn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gunnr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Guðr, Gunnr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>Gunn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>Gunnur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>Gunn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>Gunnor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>Gun</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gunnr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Guðr, Gunnr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>Gunn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>Gunn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>Gunn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Vandalic</lang>
                  <orth>*gunþ</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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