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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gīslōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gīslōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_gislona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gīslōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣiːs.lɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᛁᛊᛚᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to take hostage</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *gīslaz (‘hostage’) + *-ōną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gīslō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gīslǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gīslōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>gīslōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gīslōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gīslōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>gīslōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>gīslōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>gīslōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>gīslōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>gīslōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>gīslōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>gīslōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>gīslōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>gīslōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>gīslōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*gīslon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>giselen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gijzelen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gīslian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>gislen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>gīslia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>gizelje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>gīselen, gīseln</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>geiseln</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*gīslōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gîselen, gîseln</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>gísla</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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