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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *gōdaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_gōdaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghedh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʰedʰ-</orth>
          <def>to join, unite</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_godaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gōdaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>gōdaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɣɔː.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚷᛟᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>good</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested strong verb *gadaną, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghedh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghedh">*gʰedʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to unite, be associated, suit’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>gōdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>gōdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>gōdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>gōdammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>gōdōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>gōdammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>guot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>goet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>good, gott</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Zealandic</lang>
                        <orth>goed</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>guot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>goet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>goed, goei</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>goed</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Betawi</lang>
                          <orth>yahut</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Javindo</lang>
                          <orth>goet</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>xût</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>goed, goei, goeie, got, gu, gue, guet</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Skepi Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>gut</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gōd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>good, god, gode, goed, gude</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>gooid, gid, guid, gud</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>guid</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>gooude, gude, gayde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>gōd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>good, god, gode, goed, gude</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>good, goode, gud</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Solombala English</lang>
                          <orth>гудъ (gud), гутъ (gut)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>gōd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>goud</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>goed</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>guot, cuot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>guot</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>guet</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>guad, guat</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>gut, jot, jott</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>גוט (gut)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*gōd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>gōd, guod</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>gôt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>god, goot</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>good</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>good</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>góðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>guoð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>góður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>góður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>god</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>góðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>gōth, gōþær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>god</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>góðer</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>góðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>gōþr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>godar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>góðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>gōþer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>god, goder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 (gōþs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Vandalic</lang>
                  <orth>*guths</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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