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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *habjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_habjaną_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_habjana_2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>habjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑβ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛒᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to lift, heave</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p- (‘to seize’), and thus related to the "have" sense of Etymology 1.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>habjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>habjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>habjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>habisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>habjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>habi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>habjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>habjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>habiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>habjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>habjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>habjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>habjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>habjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>habjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>habjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>habjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>habjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>habjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>habjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>habjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>habjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>habiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>habjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>habiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>habjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>habjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>habjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>habjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>habjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>habjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>habjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hōbį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hōft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hōbīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hōbī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hōbū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hōbīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hōbudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hōbīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hōbum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hōbīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hōbud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hōbīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hōbun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hōbīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>habjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>habanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>habjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>heffen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>heffen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>höffe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>heffen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>heffen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>heffen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hef</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hebban, heffan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>heven, heiven, heoven, hefen, hewen, hebben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>heave</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>heave, heve, hewe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>heve, hev</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>heva, hebba, heffa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hieuwje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>heffe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>heffen, hevan, heven</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>heben, heven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>höoban</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>heben</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>hiewen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habbjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hebbian, heffian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hēven, heffen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>heven</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hefja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hevja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hefja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>hevja, høvja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hefja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hæve</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>heve</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>heva</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hefja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hæfia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>häva</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hafjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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