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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *habīgaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_habīgaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_keh2p" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*keh₂p-</orth>
          <def>to seize; take up; lift</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_capax" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>capāx</orth>
          <def>large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_habigaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habīgaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>habīgaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑ.βiː.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛒᛁᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>heavy, weighty</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>grave, severe</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_keh2p"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_keh2p">*keh₂p-</ref></mentioned> (‘to take, grasp, have, hold’), equivalent to *habjaną + *-īgaz. Compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_capax"><ref target="#cog_lat_capax">capāx</ref></mentioned> (‘large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>habīgaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>habīgaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>habīgaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīgô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīgini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīgammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>habīgammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>habīgōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>habīgammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>hevig</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hēvich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hevig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hewig</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hefiġ, hæfiġ, hefeġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>heviȝ, hevy</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hivie, hevy, havy</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hefiġ, hæfiġ, hefeġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>heviȝ, hevy</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>heavy</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>hebi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*hefich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>heeuwich, häwich</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hevich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hebīg, *hefīg, *hevīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hevec, *hebig</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>hévig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>hebig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*habīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>heƀig, hevig</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hēvich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>hevig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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