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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *haftiją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_haftiją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_haftija" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haftiją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>haftiją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑɸ.ti.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚠᛏᛁᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>haft, handle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Derived from *haftijaną (‘to bind, secure’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>haftiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>haftijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>haftiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>haftijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>haftijas, haftīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>haftijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>haftijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>haftijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>haftijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>haftijamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>haftiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>haftijō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haftī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hefti</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hechte, hefte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>hec, hece, hé</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haftī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hefti</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hechte, hefte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>heft</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hef</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haftī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hæft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>haft, heft</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>haft</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>haft, heft</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haftī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*heft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Hääft, Hächt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haftī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hefti</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hefte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Heft</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haftī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hefti</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hefte, hechte, hecht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Hecht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hepti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hefti</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>hefte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hepti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hæfte</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>hefte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hepti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hæpte</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>häfte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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