<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hagjō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hagjō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kaghyom" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kagʰyóm</orth>
          <def>enclosure</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hagjo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hagjō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hagjō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑɣ.jɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚷᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hedge</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kaghyom"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kaghyom">*kagʰyóm</ref></mentioned> (‘enclosure’), whence also Latin cohum, Welsh cae.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hagjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hagjôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hagjǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hagjōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hagjōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hagjǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hagjōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hagjōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hagjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hagjōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hagjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hagjôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>haga, haia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>hoie, haie, age</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>age</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>haga, haia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>hoie, haie, age</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>haye</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>haie</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hegga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hegge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>heg</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>heg</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>heċġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hegge, egge, eygge, heddge, hedge, heg, hege, hegg, heggg</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hedge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hedge</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*hegg, *heg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Hääge</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hage</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hegga, *hekka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hegge, hege, hecke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Heck</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hegga, *hekka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hegge, hege, hecke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Hecke</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>hæk</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>hekk</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>häck</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haggju</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*heggia, *heggi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hegge, hēge, hoge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Heeg, Hegg</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
